夷 - barbarian, savage, Ainu

Emishi; Ezo; non-Yamato peoples in northern Japan

land of the barbarians

Epipactis papillosa (species of orchid)

star magnolia (Magnolia stellata)

expulsion of foreigners

revere the Emperor, expel the (Western) barbarians

barbarians; aliens

bird cherry (Prunus padus)

barbaric custom; barbarian custom

parajika (rules entailing expulsion from the sangha for life)

Japanese hackberry (Celtis jessoensis); Jesso hackberry

principle of excluding foreigners (late Edo period)