蕃 - grow luxuriously

unconquered savage; uncivilized aboriginal

Tibetan Empire (618-842 CE)

capsicum (Capsicum annuum, esp. the cultivated chili peppers); chili pepper; cayenne; red pepper

land of the barbarians

aborigines village

tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

sweetsop (Annona squamosa)

clans supposedly descended from foreign lineage (i.e. Chinese or Korean)

foreign lands

Institute for the Study of Western Books (Edo period); Institute for the Investigation of Foreign Books

soursop (Annona muricata)

The Agency for Buddhists and Foreigners (ritsuryō system)