cause of victory; reason for (one's) success
upper house; upper legislative chamber; senate
crew member; crewman; crew
screening (a movie); showing
area on Japan Sea side of Japan, including Niigata
energy conservation; economical use of energy; energy-saving
gunpowder smoke
performance (of a play, opera, etc.); staging; presentation
singing; song
digestion (of food)
extinguishing a fire; fire fighting
ginger (Zingiber officinale)
purification
firm; company
inquiry; query; enquiry; referral (e.g. to a doctor or court)
introduction; presentation; referral; showcase (of a product)
injury; inflicting bodily injury
public relations; client liaison; client relations
life; lifetime; career
obstacle; impediment; hindrance; barrier; difficulty
outside the hall (or stadium, market, etc.); off the grounds; off the premises; off-track
lifelong education; continuing education; further education
person who introduces someone; introducer
disabled person; person with a (physical or mental) disability
introductory text; introductory essay
digestive organ
fire extinguisher
promotion; raising of status
commercial science
encouragement to study
elementary school; primary school; grade school
small sum (of money); small amount
castle; citadel; fortress
scholarship; stipend; bursary; grant-in-aid
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
water-purification tank
New Year (esp. first three days)
primary school; elementary school; grade school
castle town; city in Japan that developed around the castle of a feudal lord
repayment; redemption; amortization; amortisation
summons; subpoena; citation
feeling; sensitivity; emotion
shogi; Japanese chess
above-mentioned; above-named; above
normal course (of action); proper course; regular way
steam; vapour; vapor
(measuring) ruler
good humour (humor); good mood
falling down one after another (like dominoes)
small scale
repayment; redemption
incineration; destruction by fire
passenger
promotion; advancement
salary raise
upper level; upper grade; high rank; advanced level; senior level; upper class
erasure; deletion; elimination; clearing
commerce; trade; business
going (up) to the capital; going to Tokyo
state of affairs; situation; conditions; circumstances